Xanomeline tartrate
Xanomeline (LY-246,708) is an orthosteric muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) agonist, often referred to as M1/M4-preferring. It is also known to act as a M5 receptor antagonist. Xanomeline was studied in clinical trials phase I in schizophrenia. In Phase II clinical trials in Alzheimer’s patients, xanomeline significantly improved several measures of cognitive function, yet produced unwanted side effects that limited patient compliance. The side effects seem to be associated with rapid metabolism of the alkyloxy side chain following oral administration, resulting in a nonselective, yet active compound with limited therapeutic utility.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
Chemical Information
| Name | Xanomeline tartrate |
|---|---|
| Iupac Chemical Name | Pyridine, 3-(4-(hexyloxy)-1,2,5-thiadiazol-3-yl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-1-methyl-, (R-(R*,R*))-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate (1:1) |
| Synonyms | LY246708 ; LY 246708 ; LY-246708 ; Xanomeline tartrate |
| Molecular Formula | C18H29N3O7S |
| Molecular Weight | 431.50 |
| Smile | CN1CCC=C(C2=NSN=C2OCCCCCC)C1.O=C(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O |
| InChiKey | SJSVWTMVMBGIHQ-LREBCSMRSA-N |
| InChi | InChI=1S/C14H23N3OS.C4H6O6/c1-3-4-5-6-10-18-14-13(15-19-16-14)12-8-7-9-17(2)11-12;5-1(3(7)8)2(6)4(9)10/h8H,3-7,9-11H2,1-2H3;1-2,5-6H,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)/t;1-,2-/m.1/s1 |
| CAS Number | 152854-19-8 (tartrate) |
| Related CAS | 131986-45-3 (free base) 141064-23-5 (oxalate) 152854-19-8 (tartrate) |
Ordering Information
| Packaging | Price | Availability | Purity | Shipping Time |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bulk | Enquiry | Enquiry | Enquiry |
| Formulation | Solid powder |
|---|---|
| Purity | ≧98.0% |
| Storage | Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years). |
| Solubility | Soluble in DMSO |
| Handling | Refer to MSDS operation |
| Shipping Condition | Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs. |
| HS Code | 2934200090 |
| Targets | |
|---|---|
| Mechanism | |
| Cell study | |
| Animal study | |
| Clinical study |
1: She X, Pegoli A, Mayr J, Hübner H, Bernhardt G, Gmeiner P, Keller M. Heterodimerization of Dibenzodiazepinone-Type Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Ligands Leads to Increased M(2)R Affinity and Selectivity. ACS Omega. 2017 Oct 31;2(10):6741-6754. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01085. Epub 2017 Oct 16. PubMed PMID: 30023530; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6044897.
2: van der Westhuizen ET, Spathis A, Khajehali E, Jörg M, Mistry SN, Capuano B, Tobin AB, Sexton PM, Scammells PJ, Valant C, Christopoulos A. Assessment of the Molecular Mechanisms of Action of Novel 4-Phenylpyridine-2-One and 6-Phenylpyrimidin-4-One Allosteric Modulators at the M(1) Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors. Mol Pharmacol. 2018 Jul;94(1):770-783. doi: 10.1124/mol.118.111633. Epub 2018 Apr 24. PubMed PMID: 29691279.
3: Tammenmaa-Aho I, Asher R, Soares-Weiser K, Bergman H. Cholinergic medication for antipsychotic-induced tardive dyskinesia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Mar 19;3:CD000207. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000207.pub2. Review. PubMed PMID: 29553158.
4: Randáková A, Dolejší E, Rudajev V, Zimčík P, Doležal V, El-Fakahany EE, Jakubík J. Role of membrane cholesterol in differential sensitivity of muscarinic receptor subtypes to persistently bound xanomeline. Neuropharmacology. 2018 May 1;133:129-144. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.01.027. PubMed PMID: 29407765.
5: Takai K, Enomoto T. Discovery and Development of Muscarinic Acetylcholine M(4) Activators as Promising Therapeutic Agents for CNS Diseases. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 2018;66(1):37-44. doi: 10.1248/cpb.c17-00413. Review. PubMed PMID: 29311510.
6: Stoll K, Hart R, Lindsley CW, Thomsen M. Effects of muscarinic M(1) and M(4) acetylcholine receptor stimulation on extinction and reinstatement of cocaine seeking in male mice, independent of extinction learning. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2018 Mar;235(3):815-827. doi: 10.1007/s00213-017-4797-0. Epub 2017 Dec 18. PubMed PMID: 29250738.
7: Sahoo AK, Dandapat J, Dash UC, Kanhar S. Features and outcomes of drugs for combination therapy as multi-targets strategy to combat Alzheimer's disease. J Ethnopharmacol. 2018 Apr 6;215:42-73. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.12.015. Epub 2017 Dec 14. Review. PubMed PMID: 29248451.
8: Zwart R, Reed H, Sher E. Oxotremorine-M potentiates NMDA receptors by muscarinic receptor dependent and independent mechanisms. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2018 Jan 1;495(1):481-486. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.11.036. Epub 2017 Nov 7. PubMed PMID: 29127015.
9: Li Z, Jia K, Duan Y, Wang D, Zhou Z, Dong S. Xanomeline derivative EUK1001 attenuates Alzheimer's disease pathology in a triple transgenic mouse model. Mol Med Rep. 2017 Nov;16(5):7835-7840. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7502. Epub 2017 Sep 18. PubMed PMID: 28944835.
10: Thorn CA, Popiolek M, Stark E, Edgerton JR. Effects of M1 and M4 activation on excitatory synaptic transmission in CA1. Hippocampus. 2017 Jul;27(7):794-810. doi: 10.1002/hipo.22732. Epub 2017 May 5. PubMed PMID: 28422371; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5573954.
11: Bender AM, Jones CK, Lindsley CW. Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: Xanomeline. ACS Chem Neurosci. 2017 Mar 15;8(3):435-443. doi: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00001. Epub 2017 Feb 13. Review. PubMed PMID: 28141924.
12: Zwart R, Reed H, Clarke S, Sher E. A novel muscarinic receptor-independent mechanism of KCNQ2/3 potassium channel blockade by Oxotremorine-M. Eur J Pharmacol. 2016 Nov 15;791:221-228. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.08.037. Epub 2016 Aug 31. PubMed PMID: 27590358.
13: Odagaki Y, Kinoshita M, Ota T. Comparative analysis of pharmacological properties of xanomeline and N-desmethylclozapine in rat brain membranes. J Psychopharmacol. 2016 Sep;30(9):896-912. doi: 10.1177/0269881116658989. Epub 2016 Jul 27. PubMed PMID: 27464743.
14: Butcher AJ, Bradley SJ, Prihandoko R, Brooke SM, Mogg A, Bourgognon JM, Macedo-Hatch T, Edwards JM, Bottrill AR, Challiss RA, Broad LM, Felder CC, Tobin AB. An Antibody Biosensor Establishes the Activation of the M1 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor during Learning and Memory. J Biol Chem. 2016 Apr 22;291(17):8862-75. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M115.681726. Epub 2016 Jan 29. PubMed PMID: 26826123; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4861454.
15: Gould RW, Nedelcovych MT, Gong X, Tsai E, Bubser M, Bridges TM, Wood MR, Duggan ME, Brandon NJ, Dunlop J, Wood MW, Ivarsson M, Noetzel MJ, Daniels JS, Niswender CM, Lindsley CW, Conn PJ, Jones CK. State-dependent alterations in sleep/wake architecture elicited by the M4 PAM VU0467154 - Relation to antipsychotic-like drug effects. Neuropharmacology. 2016 Mar;102:244-53. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.11.016. Epub 2015 Nov 23. PubMed PMID: 26617071; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4809053.
16: Alt A, Pendri A, Bertekap RL Jr, Li G, Benitex Y, Nophsker M, Rockwell KL, Burford NT, Sum CS, Chen J, Herbst JJ, Ferrante M, Hendricson A, Cvijic ME, Westphal RS, O'Connell J, Banks M, Zhang L, Gentles RG, Jenkins S, Loy J, Macor JE. Evidence for Classical Cholinergic Toxicity Associated with Selective Activation of M1 Muscarinic Receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2016 Feb;356(2):293-304. doi: 10.1124/jpet.115.226910. Epub 2015 Nov 18. PubMed PMID: 26582730.
17: Jørgensen KB, Krogh-Jensen K, Pickering DS, Kanui TI, Abelson KS. Investigation of the presence and antinociceptive function of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the African naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber). J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol. 2016 Jan;202(1):7-15. doi: 10.1007/s00359-015-1048-x. Epub 2015 Oct 31. PubMed PMID: 26520141; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4698283.
18: Carruthers SP, Gurvich CT, Rossell SL. The muscarinic system, cognition and schizophrenia. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2015 Aug;55:393-402. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.05.011. Epub 2015 May 21. Review. PubMed PMID: 26003527.
19: Randáková A, Dolejší E, Rudajev V, Zimčík P, Doležal V, El-Fakahany EE, Jakubík J. Classical and atypical agonists activate M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors through common mechanisms. Pharmacol Res. 2015 Jul;97:27-39. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.04.002. Epub 2015 Apr 13. PubMed PMID: 25882246.
20: Bakker G, Vingerhoets WA, van Wieringen JP, de Bruin K, Eersels J, de Jong J, Chahid Y, Rutten BP, DuBois S, Watson M, Mogg AJ, Xiao H, Crabtree M, Collier DA, Felder CC, Barth VN, Broad LM, Bloemen OJ, van Amelsvoort TA, Booij J. 123I-iododexetimide preferentially binds to the muscarinic receptor subtype M1 in vivo. J Nucl Med. 2015 Feb;56(2):317-22. doi: 10.2967/jnumed.114.147488. Epub 2015 Jan 15. PubMed PMID: 25593117.
Chemical Structure
.gif)